Monitoring and Dectecting by Temperature

Temperature – degradation of water quality which affect the living organism in the Aquatic life. Bacteria are living within different range of temperature. Some are important food source for aquatic life such as fish.  Some will cause disease if there is a change of temperature. Temperature of water in coastal area are variable with the location, weather include (tide, storm, wind) and time. Monitoring of harmful bacteria has to be done at different point of time, location and weather since sewage water will be discharge to the environment.

Causes:

-          Increase certain bacteria level eg. E. coli   
-          Invite thermophile or psychrophile bacteria
-          Decrease amount of plankton bacteria which the main source of food for aquatic life 
-        Decrease reproduction rate of aquatic species
-          Increase the metabolism for aquatic animal to consume even more food than normal 
-          Cause fish and living organism killed by sudden change of temperature which called thermal shock 
-          Decrease oxygen supply which affect ecosystem composition  
-          Food chain of the old and new environment may be compromised
-          Algae Bloom will take place if there is an increase of temperature which cause Eutrophication
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution

Monitoring and detecting by using thermometer or thermister to measure and determine

-          The possible bacteria and their population exist in the water

-          Sewage treatment plant has proper discharge of water to environment with the temperature of 45c under Allowable Limit for Trade Effluent Discharge.

Reference from NEA: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/anti-pollution-radiation-protection/water-pollution/allowable-limits-for-trade-effluent-discharge-to-sewer-watercourse-controlled-watercourse

NOTE:
* Where 2 or more of the metals listed in the table are present in the trade effluent, the total concentration of the metals shall not exceed 10 milligrams per litre.
**( ) Old limits before 1 May 2005. Existing industries have a grace period of 2 years to comply with new limits.
Controlled Watercourse means a watercourse from which potable water supplied by PUB under the Public Utilities Act is obtained but does not include a watercourse from which water is pumped into a main of the PUB.
The trade effluent discharged must not include:-
(1) Calcium carbide.
(2) Petroleum spirit or other inflammable solvents.
(3) Materials that may give rise to fire or explosion hazards.
(4) Materials that may be a hazard to human life, a public nuisance, injurious to health or otherwise objectionable.
(5) Refuse, garbage, sawdust, timber, or any solid matter.
(6) Pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicide, rodenticide or fumigants.
(7) Radioactive material.

The trade effluent shall be analysed in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater published jointly by the American Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation of the United States.